Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law 2021

Preface: Highlights of the IISL in 2021 xi
Kai-Uwe Schrogl
About the IISL xvii
Board of Directors 2021 xix
New IISL Members Elected 2020-2021 xxi
Standing Committee on the Status of International Agreements Relating to Activities in Outer Space xxv
Statement by the Board of Directors of the International Institute of Space Law (IISL) on the Consideration of the Interests of the Public and Other Stakeholders in the Authorization and Continuing Supervision of Commercial Space Activities xli

64th IISL COLLOQUIUM ON THE LAW OF OUTER SPACE SESSIONS

1. Young Scholars Session
Transfer of Ownership In-Orbit: Shaking the Status
Quo and Recalibrating the Registration and Liability Regimes 3
Theodora Liameti, Panagiota Brouma, Dimitra Anagnostopoulou
Legal Challenges of the Deployment of Cubesats from the International Space Station 15
Alessandra Matteis
Effective and Adaptive Governance for a Lunar Ecosystem: Recommendations from the Young Generations 27
Antonino Salmeri
The Evolving Role of the Environmental Impact Assessment as a Valuable Legal Tool for the Protection of Outer Space and the Sustainability of Space Activities 41
Pierfrancesco Breccia
The European Space Situational Awareness Legal Framework as an Example of Top-Down Approach: Applicable to Future European Space Traffic Management-Related Initiatives 53
Ludovica Ciarravano

2. International Cooperation on the Way to the Moon and Mars
Nationality of the Space Object as an Indispensable Device for the Exploitation of the Moon and Mars 67
Setsuko Aoki
Standardization as an Instrument of Cooperation: A Silver Lining for Harvesting Common Benefits on the Way Back to the Moon? 79
Jenni Tapio and Alexander Soucek
The Registration of Lunar Activities: Recommendations from the Registration Project 93
Mark Sundahl and Antonino Salmeri
Governance of Space Resources: Efforts to Achieve an International Regime for Sustainable Space Resource Activities 113
Suyan Cristina Malhadas and Fernando Cardozo Fernandes Rei Exclusion or Sharing? An Article 11 Resource Agreement for the Moon Treaty 127
Dennis O’Brien
The Artemis Accords as a Tool of Cooperation 145
Frans von der Dunk
Safety Zones on the Moon: International and National Legal Dimension 159
Irina Chernykh and Aslan Abashidze

3. A New Look at (how far are we with) Space Traffic Management
A Search for the Basic Rules-of-the-Road in Orbit: Summarized Findings from Hunting Basic Traffic Rules in Treaties, Guidelines and Standards 175
Hjalte Osborn Frandsen
Towards the Development of an STM Regime: Opportunities and Barriers for Europe 187
Christina Giannopapa and Ntorina Antoni
Reconciling SSA Data Sharing Legal Practices through a Comparative Approach 201
Giulia Pavesi

4. The relations between Trade Law, Finance and Space Law
UAE Laws and Regulations Supporting the Investor Environment in the UAE Space Sector 217
Fatheya Al Sharji
Regulatory Support of Space Goods and Services Trade Growth in Eurasian Economic Union 225
Darya Bohdan
Sustainable Corporate Finance and Space Activities: Towards a Sustainable Space Taxonomy 239
Lucien Rapp, Maria Rhimbassen and Maria Topka
The SPAC-ification of Space (Or: A Guide to Financing your Space Company) 269
Iliana Griva
Reconceptualizing Lender Liability for Satellite Projects 281
Jack Wright Nelson

5. National Space Law and Security – An Update
Role of the National Legislation in Governing the Activities in Outer Space 291
Marianna Ilyashevich
The Outer Space and Cyber-Attacks: How India’s Proposed National Space Law Deals with Cyber-Security 303
Ishita Das
Brazilian National Law in Space: How Important Is It? 315
Ian Grosner, Petrônio Noronha de Souza, Marcia Alvarenga dos Santos and Suyan Cristina Malhadas
The Legitimacy of the U.S. Space Force under the Outer Space Treaty 327
Lizeth Sanchez Aguirre
A Study of the First Taiwan’s Space Law: Space Development Act 339
Feng-Tai Hwang
An Analysis on the Regional Characteristics of National Space LawMaking: A Case Study Based on the Findings of the National Space Legislation Initiative 353
Ikuko Kuriyama, Koichi Kikuchi, Yuri Ishizu and Hiromichi Kojima
State of and Options for UK Space Safety, Security and Sustainability Engagement in Europe post-withdrawal from the EU 365
Sa’id Mosteshar and Christoph Beischl

6. NewSpace and Space Law
The Resolution of Outer Space Related International Disputes 383
Nicholas Gould and Olivia Liang
NewSpace, Old Rules: An Empirical Approach to Understanding the Needs of Young Space Businesses in Relation to Current Space Regulation 397
Aleksandra Marinova, Michael Gould and Maura Zara
NewSpace Persistence under Australia’s Launch Regulation 411
Scott Schneider
An International/Contractual Model for Future Space Activities: A New Status for Private Companies? 425
Ivan Fino
Balancing International Stagnance and National Divergence: An Analytical Study of Contemporary Liability Issues for NewSpace Tourism Companies 437
Ankit Kumar Padhy, Amit Kumar Padhy
Blaming Galileo: Liability for Damage Caused by Artificial Intelligence Operating based on GNSS 449
Ioana Bratu
Lunar Exploration: New Challenges for Export Control Compliance 463
Anne-Sophie Martin
Artificial Intelligence and the Challenge of States’ Responsibility in Space Law 477
Hamid Kazemi, Akram Tayyebi and Ali Kazemi
Megaconstellations of Satellites and their Impact on Astronomy: A Potential Need for International Regulation 489
Rafael Moro-Aguilar

INTERACTIVE PRESENTATIONS

International Legal Aspects on the Exploration and Use of Solar Energy in Outer Space 507
Irina Chernykh and Stanislav Kopylov

Author Index 521