Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law 2022

Preface: Highlights of the IISL in 2022 xi
Kai-Uwe Schrogl
About the IISL xv
Board of Directors 2021-2022 xvii
New IISL Members Elected 2021-2022 xix
Standing Committee on the Status of International
Agreements Relating to Activities in Outer Space xxiii
Special Event at the IISL Colloquium on European Space
Legislation with Member of the European Parliament Niklas Nienaß xli

65TH IISL COLLOQUIUM ON THE LAW OF OUTER SPACE SESSIONS

1. Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture and Young Scholars Session
Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture: “For the Benefit and in the Interests of All Countries, Irrespective of their Degree of Economic or Scientific Development” 3
Armel Kerrest
Legal Issues of International Cooperation in the Operation of China’s Space Station 15
Jie Long
From Chuquicamata to Nereus: A Contribution of Chilean Legislation to International Laws on Space Mining 27
Isidora Casas del Valle Pacheco
International Legal Considerations When Transitioning Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) Controls to Receive In-Space Servicing 39
Laura Cummings
Proposal for a Legal Definition of Space Debris 53
Andrea Capurso

2. Dispute Settlement
Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution: Matching Dynamics and Flexibility for the New Space Age 67
Maura Zara, Alex Marinova
In Search of the Most Appropriate Mechanism for Resolving the Disputes Arising from Large Satellite Constellations 85
S. Hadi Mahmoudi, Sima Moradinasab
International Investment Law as a Framework to Protect Private Actors in Outer Space 97
Vivasvat (Viva) Dadwal, Carson W. Bennett, Charles (Chip) Rosenberg
Re-Invigorating International Arbitration of Space Related Disputes by National Legislation 113
Michael Friedl, Maximilian Gartner
Specialised Dispute Resolution for Commercial Space Disputes: A Practitioner’s Perspective 127
Naomi Briercliffe, Pranay Lekhi
Using Social Media to Promote Space Law Education and Dispute Settlement: Developing Stellar Decisis, the Animated Space Law Moot Court Educational Series 137
Christopher Hearsey, Nathan Johnson, Nivedita Raju

3. Balancing Needs: Protection of Space Science
Planetary Protection Obligations in Space Exploration Law and Ethics Regarding the Biological Contamination of Outer Space 151
Caitlyn A.K. Singam
International Responsibility to Protect Freedom of Outer Space Exploration versus Freedom of Use of Outer Space 163
Merve Erdem Burger
Open Science and Commercial Secrets 177
P.J. Blount
Sky Full of Stars or Satellites: The Impact of Mega-constellations on Ground-based Astronomy 183
Panagiota Brouma, Theodora Liameti
A Walk in the Dark and the Law of Satellite Mega-constellations 197
Roy Balleste
Mega-constellations of Satellites and their Impact on Astronomy: Exploring the Role of Article IX of the Outer Space Treaty 209
Rafael Moro-Aguilar
Protecting Sites of Extraordinary Scientific Importance on the Moon: The Case of Astronomy 225
Martin Elvis

4. Space Sustainability
Making NewSpace for Sustainability 241
Neta Palkovitz
Getting Right-of-Way Right in Low Earth Orbit – An (Astro)Nautical Conundrum 253
Hjalte Osborn Frandsen
How Do We Legislate for Space Sustainability without International Cooperation? 265
Alex Marinova, Maura Zara
The Promotion of Space Sustainability Through National Licensing Regimes 283
Leslie I. Tennen
Common but Differentiated Responsibility for Space Debris: Using Equitable Principles to Incentivise Debris Mitigation 307
Arpit Gupta

5. Safety Zones on Celestial Bodies and in Outer Space
“What’s In A Name?” Legal Aspects of ‘Safety Zones’ on Celestial Bodies and Elsewhere in Outer Space 321
Frans G. von der Dunk Rules on Safety Zones in International Law Applicable to Space Activities 333
Setsuko Aoki
The Apple of Discord or The Fruit of Salvation? A Dialogue on the Practical and Legal Aspects of Safety Zones on the Lunar South Pole 345
Antonino Salmeri, Peter Weiss
Safety Zones as a Means to Ensure a Balanced Liability Regime in Space 359
Elina Morozova
Rights and Obligations in International Consultation for Establishing Safety Zones in Outer Space 375
Yu Takeuchi
Towards a Taxonomy of Safety Zones 381
Maximilian Gartner, Michael Friedl
6. Current Developments in Space Law with Special Emphasis on National Space Legislation Luxembourg Completing its Space Legislation 397
Mahulena Hofmann
(Unpublished from 2021)
The Lack of National Space Legislation in EU Member States and the Role of the EU as a New Responsible (?) Actor in Outer Space 405
Irmgard Marboe
Poland Goes to Space: The Draft Polish Space Act 419
Mahulena Hofmann, Katarzyna Malinowska
Balancing the Development and Governance of Space Capabilities: An Analysis of Australia’s Space Object Regulation for the Awareness of Established and Young Space States 433
Scott Schneider
Forging New Space Law to Support Innovation and Sustainability of Space Resources: Preview of the 2023 World Radiocommunication Conference 447
Audrey L. Allison
National Space Laws and Non-Binding International Instruments – The Portuguese Experience 459
Cristina Melo Miranda, Helena Correia Mendonça
Artificial Intelligence, Space Liability and Regulation for the Future: A Transcontinental Analysis of National Space Laws 467
Ioana Bratu, Steven Freeland

INTERACTIVE PRESENTATIONS

Sustainable Development and Scientific Research in Outer Space 483
Maria Elena de Maestri
Combining Air and Space or How to Start Regulating Space Navigation at the International Level? 497
Ruslan Konygin, Alexander Travnikov
The New Brazilian National Program of Space
Activities – PNAE (2022-2031): What to expect 507
Ian Grosner, Suyan Cristina Malhadas, Thaís Zandoná
Could the Working Paper Lead to a Unified Legal Regime? To Resolve Legal Challenges with Respect to Aerospace Objects 521
Nayoung Youn
The Multi-Level System of Space Mining: Regulatory Aspects and Enforcement Options 533
Antonino Salmeri
On the 55th Anniversary of the Rescue Agreement: The Drafting History and Contribution to Strengthening International Cooperation 547
Elina Morozova
Registration Aspects of Mega-Constellations' Satellites under International Law 561
Irina Chernykh, Andrey Zimakov
Parameters, Concepts and the Terminology of Outer Space Law: A Review of the Essential Facilities Served by Outer Space Activities and the Rules of Interpretation for Treaty Law and Soft Law Guidelines 573
Lesley Jane Smith, Tim Blawat
Legal Issues of Spacecraft Maneuvering with Artificial Intelligence – Comparative Study with the Japanese Regulations for Autonomous Driving Vehicles on the Ground 585
Hisako Moriguchi
NewSpace: The Star Wars Soldier of the Future? 599
Katja Grünfeld

Author Index 613