Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law 2016

Preface xiii
T. Masson-Zwaan
About the IISL xix
Directory of IISL Board of Directors xxi
New Members Elected in 2016 xxiii
Standing Committee on the Status of International Agreements Relating to Activities in Outer Space xxv

59th IISL COLLOQUIUM ON THE LAW OF OUTER SPACE GUADALAJARA, MEXICO SESSIONS
1. 8th Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture on Space Law & Young Scholars Session Space Law and Diplomacy 3
Kai-Uwe Schrogl
Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture on Space Law Article III of Outer Space Treaty and Its Relevance in the International Space Legal Framework 17
Pierfrancesco Breccia
Winner of the 2016 Isabella H.Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor Award for Best Paper by a Young Author Legal Issues of a Moon Village – From the Application of Current Space Law to the New Challenges of International Cooperation 37
Éloi Petros
Big Data from Space – Legal Issues Related to Access and Dissemination of Large Volumes of Space-Generated Data 49
Dimitra Stefoudi
Capacity-Building of the International Legal Framework for Mitigating Consequences from Non-Operational Satellites – Advancing Space Law towards NewSpace Paradigm 61
Olga Stelmakh-Drescher & Ivan Kosenkov
Scarcity in Space – The Spectrum/Orbit Trading Solution (?) 75
Konstantina Liperi
Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Field of Satellite Communications – Focus on Harmful Interference 89
Simona Spassova
The Public Service Exemption in the Space Protocol in Light of That Found in the Luxembourg Protocol 111
Tugrul Cakir
Contract Law and the Space Industry – “Best Efforts” and the Emergence of Environmental Sustainability Provisions 125
Nicholas Puschman
The Possible Liability of the State Which Does Not Fall within the Concept of the Launching State 141
Akiko Watanabe
Planetary Defence and Collateral Damage 155
Hannes Mayer

2. Legal Perspectives on Space Resources and OffEarth Mining The Hague Space Resources Governance Working Group – A Progress Report 163
Tanja Masson-Zwaan, René Lefeber,
Giuseppe Reibaldi & Merinda Stewart
Title IV of the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015 – A Critical Step Forward in Facilitating the Development of a Viable Space Infrastructure 169
Sagi Kfir & Ian Perry
The Relationship between the Outer Space Treaty and Customary International Law 183
Ram S. Jakhu & Steven Freeland
COSPAR Recommendations in a New Context? Environmental Aspects of Space Mining 201
Mahulena Hofmann
The Dawn of an International Regime for Space Resources – Multilateral Perspectives 213
Olavo de O. Bittencourt Neto
The End of the Concept of “Common Heritage of Mankind”? The Views of State Parties to the Moon Agreement 225
Irmgard Marboe
Is Outer Space Proper the “Common Heritage of Mankind”? 239
Virgiliu Pop
3D Printing Using Material from Celestial Bodies – A Method to Circumvent the Non-Appropriation Principle? 247
Michael Chatzipanagiotis
The Paradox of United States’ Position on the Regulation of Space Resource Extraction 259
Melissa K. Force
Legal Challenges in Front of Private Sectors on Exploration of Space Resources and Off-Earth Mining 279
Hamid Kazemi & Ali Akbar Golroo
Space Resources Exploitation from the International and Domestic Law Perspectives – The Russian Approach 291
Olga A. Volynskaya

3. Contemporary Considerations about the 1986 Principles
Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space The Need of an International Convention on Remote Sensing 301
Alvaro Fabricio dos Santos & José Monserrat Filho
Towards a New Approach to Support the 1986 UN Principles on Remote Sensing 317
Ali Akbar Golroo & Hamid Kazemi
The Relationship between the Remote Sensing Principles and Customary International Law 329
Andrea J. Harrington
The Satellite and the Individual – The Legal Resolution of Remote Sensing 341
P.J. Blount
Migration Flows in the EU and Remote Sensing 349
Gabriella Catalano Sgrosso
Time for Improvement – The 1986 UN Remote Sensing Principles in the Information Age 365
Stefan A. Kaiser

4. Legal Challenges Represented by Large Satellite
Infrastructures and Constellations Ensuring Sustainability of Technology and the Law 379
Lesley Jane Smith
Bringing into Use of Frequency Assignments for Non-GSO Constellations – New Regulatory Framework Required 393
Elina Morozova
Black Market Launches of Small Satellites – A New Challenge for the Space Law Regime 401
George Anthony Long
Dealing with the Regulatory Vacuum in LEO – New Insurance Solutions for Small Satellites Constellations 419
Neta Palkovitz
The Legal Dimensions of Cyber-Conflict with Regard to Large Satellite Infrastructures and Constellations 431
Larry F. Martinez
Reimagining National Regulatory Approaches to Third Party Liability Insurance – Towards a Single Aggregated Policy 447
Edmond Boulle

5. Current Developments in Space Law with Particular
Consideration for Latin America Space Law as a Source of International Cooperation 463
Carlos Gabriel Argüelles Arrendondo
The Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space and Its Implementation in Colombia’s National Legal System 473
Jairo Becerra, Juan Ramón Martinez & Daniela Almario
Common Elements in the Latin American Mechanisms in Cooperation in the Peaceful Exploration and Use of Outer Space 481
Setsuko Aoki
The Development of Space Technology and International Cooperation in Relation to the Exploration of the Moon – Case Study: Argentina and China 505
Luis Fernando Castillo Argañarás
Recent Brazilian Initiatives to Address Legal Gaps and Barriers That Negatively Impact the Development of the National Space Industry 515
Tatiana Ribeiro Viana & Juliana Macedo Scavuzzi dos Santos
The Proposal of a Public-Private Partnerships as an Element of Evolution of Space Law in Colombia 529
Camilo Guzmán Gómez & Pilar Zamora
Privatisation of PSLV – What the Law of Outer Space Demands? 539
Kumar Abhijeet
The Second African National Space Law – The Nigerian NASRDA Act and the Draft Regulations on Licensing and Supervision 547
Frans G. von der Dunk
UNGA Resolution 70/27 ‘No First Placement of Weapons in Space’ − A Positive Contribution to Prevent an Arms Race in Outer Space? 561
Fabio Tronchetti
Latin American Space Activities in the 21st Century – To What Musical Beat: Samba or Salsa? 571
Sylvia Ospina

JOINT IISL-IAF SESSION
The Future of Regional Cooperation International Cooperation in China’s Space Undertakings – Melting Down Political Obstacles through Legal Means 589
Xiaodan Wu
Building Blocks for International Cooperative Agreements 597
Philippe Clerc
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cooperation with Latin America, the Middle East and Africa 619
Robin J. Frank
Interactive Presentations On-Orbit Transfer of Satellites between States – Legal Issues − with Special Emphasis on Liability and Registration 641
Upasana Dasgupta National Space Law – The Case of France and New Challenges for Space Activities 667
Anne-Sophie Martin
The Potential Commercialization of China’s Space Station and Its Relevance to Space Law 681
Jie Long
Colloquium Report Report of the 59th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space Guadalajara, Mexico, 2016 701
Christopher Johnson, Mark Sundahl, Kumar Abhijeet,
Alexander Soucek, Luis Fernando Castillo Argañarás,
Olga Stelmakh-Drescher
Compiled and edited by P.J. Blount & R. Moro-Aguilar
31st IAA-IISL Scientific-Legal Roundtable The Future of Regional Cooperation Report of the Roundtable 721
Marc Haese

2016 IISL/ECSL SYMPOSIUM AT THE UNCOPUOS LEGAL SUBCOMMITTEE
40 Years of Entry into Force of the Registration Convention – Today’s Practical Issues (Vienna, Austria, 4 April 2016)
Program of the Symposium 727
Report of the Symposium 729
Nicholas Puschman
Glances at Currently Debated Issues Related to the Registration of Secondary Payloads and the Future of Registration 735
Elina Morozova & Yaroslav Vasyanin
Registration of Space Objects with the United Nations Secretary-General 749
Simonetta Di Pippo

11th EILENE M. GALLOWAY SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL ISSUES IN SPACE LAW
Forming International Rules and Norms for Exploration and Use of Outer (Washington D.C., United States, 7 December 2016) Program of the Symposium 763
Report of the Symposium 765
Danielle Miller
The Next Fifty Years of the Outer Space Treaty 769
Brian J. Egan

25th MANFRED LACHS SPACE LAW MOOT COURT COMPETITION
Report of the 2016 Manfred Lachs Space Law Moot Court Competition (Introduction, Case and Winning Memorials) 779
Melissa K. Force

Author Index 837