Ostrageous
How professional football erodes by greed and crime and we all look the other way
Samenvatting
This book is the result of an analysis and reflection on crime risks and financial criminal activity taking place in European professional football in recent decades. Its main goal is to discuss some relevant criminological issues in relation to the financing and ownership of professional football clubs and the transfer of players.
As the title suggests, the book covers both the outrageous business patterns and habits – and the associated high risk of financial crime – that have manifested themselves in this line of industry, as well as our inclination to turn a blind eye to these developments (like an ostrich with its head in the sand). Curiosity was the main instigator of this book, in terms of identifying the major problems and criminal activity in the professional football industry, grasping the motivations of those involved and understanding the societal reaction, or lack thereof, towards these problems.
In the second part of the book, the author suggests some strategies that may assist in making the market of European professional football more crime-resistant. These strategies are linked to changes in the organizational culture, structure and forms of supervision and control.
Trefwoorden
voetbalindustrie financiële criminaliteit witwassen corruptie belastingfraude voetbalmakelaars governance transfersysteem klokkenluiden criminologie sportrecht transparantie fifa uefa spelershandel sportethiek toezicht naming and shaming eigendomsstructuren commercialisering zelfregulering financieel management sportcriminaliteit organisatiecultuur belangenverstrengeling multi-agency approach anti-witwasregime sportbestuur screening dataverzameling
Trefwoorden
Specificaties
Inhoudsopgave
U kunt van deze inhoudsopgave een PDF downloaden
List of abbreviations 1
Introduction 3
1 Welcome to the World of Football 11
1.1 Introduction 11
1.2 The Growth and Commercialization of Professional Football 12
1.3 Crime-Inducing Features of the Market 30
1.3.1 Money Laundering 31
1.3.2 Corruption in Football 42
1.3.3 Tax Fraud 46
1.4 Reflection 50
2 The Role and Self-Image of Football Agents 53
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 Agent, Broker, Business Manager, Representative or Intermediary? 56
2.3 Regulation and Registration 60
2.4 Trust Relations 66
2.5 Agents as Hawks 71
2.6 Culpable Involvement of Intermediaries in Financial and Economic Crime in Football 72
2.7 The View of Agents on the Excesses in Football and the Measures Against Them 75
2.8 Reflection 79
3 The Football Sector as Semi-autonomous Social Field 83
3.1 Introduction 83
3.2 Legal Status and Organizational Structure 84
3.2.1 FIFA 86
3.2.2 UEFA 89
3.3 Organizational Culture 96
3.4 Collusion 99
3.4.1 Collusion Between Club-related Individuals and Members of Associations 100
3.4.2 Collusion Between Private Organizations and Government Institutions/Politics 103
3.5 Reflection 107
4 Breaking Down the Walls of Silence 109
4.1 Introduction 109
4.2 Creating Awareness and Encouraging Inquisitiveness 116
4.3 Better and More Accurate Data 119
4.4 Promoting Disclosure: Whistle-Blowing 120
4.4.1 The Essence 123
4.4.2 Internal and External Mechanisms 125
4.4.3 Considerations Whether or Not to Blow the Whistle 127
4.4.4 Resisting Legal Power Play 129
4.5 Naming and Shaming Strategies 130
4.6 Reflection 133
5 Mucking Out the Stalls: Improving Governance Within the Football Sector 137
5.1 Introduction 137
5.2 Ownership and Investments 138
5.2.1 Distribution of Shares 139
5.2.2 Screening Owners and Major Shareholders 141
5.2.3 Licence 147
5.3 Transfer System 148
5.3.1 Transfer Clearing House 148
5.3.2 Football Agents 150
5.3.3 Squad Size and Home-Grown Players 153
5.4 Reflection 154
6 Putting External Pressure on the Football Industry 157
6.1 Introduction 157
6.2 A Supervising Sports Authority 158
6.3 Expanding the AML Regime? 160
6.4 Criminal Law Enforcement 164
6.5 Reflection: Towards an Integrated Multi-Agency Approach 167
Epilogue 171
Bibliography 177
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