Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law 2017

Preface: Highlights of the IISL in 2017 xiii
Kai-Uwe Schrogl
About the IISL xix
Directory of IISL Board of Directors xxi
New Members Elected in 2017 xxiii
Standing Committee on the Status of International Agreements
Relating to Activities in Outer Space xxv

60th IISL COLLOQUIUM ON THE LAW OF OUTER SPACE ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SESSIONS
1. 9th Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture on Space Law & Young Scholars Session
-The Outer Space Treaty: Its First Fifty Years 3
Peter Jankowitsch
Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture On Space Law Space Traffic Management: Top Priority for Safety Operations 15
Claudiu Mihai Taiatu
-Winner of the 2017 Isabella H.Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor
Award for Best Paper by a Young Author
-Rebus sic stantibus and International Space Law: The Evolution of the Space Treaties in the Next Fifty Years 35
Dimitra Stefoudi
-Legal Loophole or Just a Matter of Interpretation? On the Outer
Space Treaty’s Methodology Test with the Diversification of Space Activities 49
Merve Erdem
-Launching from the Moon, Mars and Other Celestial Bodies: A Legal Analysis 73
Éloi Petros
-Disarmament in Outer Space: Banning ASAT Weapons with Soft Law? 87
Takuya Sugimura
-Outer Space Treaty 1967 vs. 2017: A Lex Specialis or Derogation from Human Rights? 109
Milan Mijovic
-The Implementation of TCBMs in Outer Space Activities: From the OST Principles to the International Space Governance Action 119
Valentina Nardone
-The Rules of Preventing Collisions in Outer Space 135
Huxiao Yang and Chang Dai
-Ideas for the Recent Development of Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities: From the Perspective of Active Space Debris Removal 145
Jie Long
-Space Mining and the Protection of Extra-Terrestrial Environment in the Light of Article IX of the Outer Space Treaty 157
Federico Bergamasco
-The 45%: How Vague, Ambiguous, and Contradictory Language within the International Traffic in Arms Regulation Is Hindering the Development of Space Technology and International Cooperation in the United States 171
Marshall Mckellar

2. ‘Newspace’, New Laws: How Governments Can Foster New Space Activities
-NewSpace: Putting an End to National Prestige and Accountability? 199
Ulrike M. Bohlmann and Moritz Bürger
-Legal Approaches to Network Driven Space Applications 215
Stefan A. Kaiser
-The Need to Regulate New Space Activities on Exploration of Space Resources and Off-Earth Mining 227
Hamid Kazemi, S. Hadi Mahmoudi and Ali Akbar Golroo
-Elon, Fly Me to the Moon! Legal Dimensions of Space Tourism beyond Earth Orbit 241
Larry F. Martinez and Maria A. Pozza
-First Considerations for a Practical Handbook to New Space Activities Regulators 253
Jean-François Mayence
-Pondering the Legitimacy of the Outer Space Treaty from the Perspective of Space Natural Resources Exploitation: Is It Time to Act Instead of React? 267
Maria Manoli
-The Hague Space Resources Governance Working Group: Second Progress Report and the Way Forward 281
Tanja Masson-Zwaan, René Lefeber, Giuseppe Reibaldi and Dimitra Stefoudi
-New Space Activities and Legislation: A General Overview with a Specific Reference to the Ongoing Debate in Italy 295
Marina Gagliardi, Nicoletta Bini, Cristina Marabottin and Gianfranco Gabriele Nucera
-Statutory Forfeiture and the U.S. Space Resource Exploration and Utilization Act of 2015 313
George Anthony Long
-Spaceplanes Operating in Airspace: In Search of a Regulatory Regime for Traffic Coordination 327
George D. Kyriakopoulos

3. Refugees and the Role of Space Communications: Status and Practice of Charter for Man-Made Disasters
-Seeing People: Using Satellites for the Benefit of All 343
P.J. Blount
-Assessing Refugee Crises through the Lens of the Outer Space Treaty and Space Technologies 351
Michael S. Dodge
-Space-Based Services Supporting Refugees: Legal Aspects 363
Mahulena Hofmann, Gerome Aloisio and Loredana Rinaldis
-Legal Aspects on the Use of Satellite Images for Disaster Relief and Humanitarian Services 377
Sandra Cabrera Alvarado
-Refugees in Distress: The Protection of Safety Radiocommunication Signals against Harmful Interference 389
Simona Spassova and Valentina Nardone
-Satellites and Their Humanitarian Applications: Time to Highlight Their Human Aspects? 403
Sylvia Ospina
-Remote Sensing and the New European General Data Protection Regulation 415
Brendan Cohen

4. Space Law Developments in Asia-Pacific: Diverging National Space Legislation with Regard to the Applicability of Space Law to Suborbital Flights
-Keeping Up with the Neighbours? Reviewing National Space Laws to Account for New Technology – The Australian and Canadian Experience 433
Steven Freeland and Ram S. Jakhu
-Kiwi’s in Space: New Zealand’s ‘Outer Space and High-Altitude Activities Act’ 453
Frans G. von der Dunk
-The Indonesian Space Act: Pristine Entrant in the Asia-Pacific Region 469
Kumar Abhijeet
-The Leading Role Australia Could Play in Fostering Uniformity of National Space Legislations among the Asia-Pacific Countries 477
Ermanno Francesco Napolitano
-“NewSpace” in China in Needs of New Laws 501
Xiaodan Wu
-An Enabler or a Barrier? “NewSpace” and Japan’s Two National Space Acts of 2016 507
Setsuko Aoki
-Development of the New Zealand and Australian Space Industries: Regulation for a Sustainable Future 523
Melissa de Zwart and Joel Lisk

5. Current Developments in Space Law
-Emerging Approaches in Development Efforts: Chinese Perspective on Space and Sustainable Development 541
Yun Zhao∗
-The Manual of International Law Applicable to Military Uses of Outer Space (MILAMOS) 557
Dale Stephens and Melissa de Zwart
-The Use of Space Technology Export Controls as a Bargaining Solution for Sustainability: A Chicago Convention Model of Space Governance 567
Gilles Doucet and Cassandra Steer
-Perspectives on Commercial Spaceport Insurance for a Catastrophic Launch Failure 587
Melissa Kemper Force
-Accommodating New Commercial Space Applications in the Global Legal/Regulatory Framework: An Evolutionary Approach to Launching the New Space Revolution 609
Audrey L. Allison and Bruce Chesley
-Current Developments in Space Law and Policy 625
Robin J. Frank and David R. Lopez

COLLOQUIUM REPORT
Report of the 60th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space 641
Michael S. Dodge, Kamlesh Brocard, Andrea J. Harrington, Edwin Anderson, Olga Volynskaya and Merve Erdem
Compiled and edited by P.J. Blount & R. Moro-Aguilar

32nd IAA-IISL SCIENTIFIC-LEGAL ROUNDTABLE
Technological and Legal Challenges for On-Orbit Servicing
-Report of the Roundtable 663
Marc Haese

JOINT IISL-IAF SESSION
Legal Framework for Cooperative Space Activities
-International Cooperation as the Main Focus of the Modernized Russian Space Industry 669
Olga A. Volynskaya
-International Cooperation in Space Activities in Europe, the Ariane 6 Project Example 679
Caroline Thro
-An Examination of the Major Space Cooperation Forms between States as Models for the Development of Similar Forms for
International Joint Ventures on Other Celestial Bodies 685
Anton de Waal and Peter Martinez

2017 IISL/ECSL SYMPOSIUM AT THE UNCOPUOS LEGAL SUBCOMMITTEE
Legal Models for Exploration, Exploitation and Utilization of Space Resources 50 Years after the Adoption of the Outer Space Treaty
-Program of the Symposium 701
-Report of the Symposium 705
Jinyoung Choi, Claudiu-Mihai Taiatu and Qing Zhao

1ST MEETING OF THE MEMBERS AND FOLLOWERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPACE LAW
(Moscow, Russia, 1 December 2017)
-Report of the Meeting 713
Elina Morozova

12th EILENE M. GALLOWAY SYMPOSIUM ON CRITICAL ISSUES IN SPACE LAW
Implementation of the Outer Space Treaty:
Issues for the New U.S. National Space Council
(Washington D.C., United States, 13 December 2017)
-Report of the Symposium 719
Danielle Miller

26th MANFRED LACHS SPACE LAW MOOT COURT COMPETITION
Report of the 2017 Manfred Lachs Space Law Moot Court Competition (Introduction, Case and Winning Memorials) 727
Melissa Force

Author Index 783