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William Stallings Meer over William Stallings

5G Wireless

A Comprehensive Introduction
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Paperback, blz. | Engels
Pearson Education | 2021
ISBN13: 9780136767145
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Pearson Education e druk, 2021 9780136767145
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Samenvatting

In 5G Wireless: A Comprehensive Introduction, renowned information technology author William Stallings presents a comprehensive and unified explanation of 5G's key aspects, applications, and implications. Like other award-winning texts from Stallings, this guide is designed to help students quickly find the information and gain the mastery they need to master this critical new technology. PowerPoint lecture slides will be available to instructors. Coverage includes:
Background and overview: A concise history of the development of cellular networks through 4G, introducing 5G's motivation, characteristics, and technologies. Application and use cases: A broad survey of both general application areas and specific use cases; includes coverage of implications for IoT, cloud, and fog computing.  Air interface: A detailed survey of all aspects of radio transmission and the wireless interface. 5G core: A survey of 5G core architecture and deployment.  5G security and privacy: Requirements, threats, vulnerabilities, security controls, security product and service solutions, and privacy.

Specificaties

ISBN13:9780136767145
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:Paperback
Uitgever:Pearson Education

Inhoudsopgave

Preface&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; xxiv <br> PART I:&nbsp; OVERVIEW<br>Chapter 1:&nbsp; Cellular Networks: Concepts and Evolution&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 <br>1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 <br>1.2 Cellular Network Concepts&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cellular Organization&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network System Elements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Operation of Cellular Systems&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 11 <br>1.3 First Generation (1G)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 14 <br>1.4 Second Generation (2G)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Time-Division Multiple Access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 16 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; GSM Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 17 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Radio Link Aspects&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 20 <br>1.5 Third Generation (3G)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 20 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Code-Division Multiple Access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 21 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3G Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 21 <br>1.6 Fourth Generation (4G)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 24 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E-UTRAN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 26 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; LTE-Advanced Transmission Characteristics&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 29 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Evolved Packet Core&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 33 <br>1.7 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 34 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 34 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 35 <br> Chapter 2:&nbsp; 5G Standards and Specifications&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 36 <br>2.1 ITU-R and IMT-2020&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 37 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; International Mobile Telecommunications&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 38 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Capabilities&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 38 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Usage Scenarios&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 41 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Use Cases&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 43 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Evaluation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 46 <br>2.2 ITU-T and IMT-2020&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 57 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 57 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Slicing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 59 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fixed Mobile Convergence&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 61 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IMT-2020 Core Network Framework&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 62 <br>2.3 3GPP&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 65 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3GPP Releases&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 69 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Detailed Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 70 <br>2.4 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 72 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 72 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 73 <br>2.5 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74 <br> Chapter 3:&nbsp; Overview of 5G Use Cases and Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 76 <br>3.1 5G Use Cases&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 77 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ITU-R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 77 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5G Americas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 77 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NGMA Alliance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 79 <br>3.2 NGMN 5G Architecture Framework&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 81 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Layered Functionality&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 82 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Slicing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 85 <br>3.3 3GPP 5G Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 87 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5G Core Network Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 87 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Radio Access Network Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 94 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Session Establishment&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 97 <br>3.4 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 98 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 98 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 99 <br>3.5 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 99 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 99 <br> <div> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 100 </div> <div> <br> </div> PART II:&nbsp; USE CASES AND APPLICATIONS<br>Chapter 4:&nbsp; Enhanced Mobile Broadband&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 102 <br>4.1 eMBB Deployment Scenarios&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 103 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Indoor Hotspot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 104 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dense Urban&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 105 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rural&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 105 <br>4.2 eMBB Performance Characteristics&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 105 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Data Rate Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 106 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Spectral Efficiency Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 107 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Latency Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 108 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mobility Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 108 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; System Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 109 <br>4.3 Smart Office: An Indoor Hotspot Use Case&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 110 <br>4.4 Dense Urban Information Society: A Dense Urban Use Case&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 111 <br>4.5 Radiocommunication Systems Between Train and Trackside: A Rural eMBB Use Case&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 113 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Elements of RSTT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 114 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Applications of RSTT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 114 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Broadband Connectivity for Passengers&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 116 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Linear Cell Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 117 <br>4.6 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 118 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 118 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 118 <br>4.7 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 119 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 119 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 119 <br> Chapter 5:&nbsp; Massive Machine Type Communications&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 122 <br>5.1 mMTC Performance Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 123 <br>5.2 The Internet of Things&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 124 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Scope of the Internet of Things&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 125 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Things on the Internet of Things&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 128 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Components of IoT-Enabled Things&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 128 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Constrained Devices&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 129 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IoT and Cloud Context&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 130 <br>5.3 Relationship Between mMTC and the IoT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 133 <br>5.4 Relationship Between mMTC and NB-IoT and eMTC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 135 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Comparison of NB-IoT and eMTC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 135 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Low-Power Wide Area (LPWA)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 136 <br>5.5 Smart Agriculture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 138 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Model of IoT Deployment&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 138 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Use Cases&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 140 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Precision Crop Management&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 145 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Performance Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 150 <br>5.6 Smart Cities&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 150 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Smart City Use Cases&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 151 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ICT Architecture for Smart Cities&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 158 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Performance Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 160 <br>5.7 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 162 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 162 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 163 <br>5.8 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 163 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 163 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 164 <br> Chapter 6:&nbsp; Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 166 <br>6.1 URLLC Performance Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 167 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Latency&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 168 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mobility&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 169 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Reliability&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 170 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NGMN Definitions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 170 <br>6.2 URLLC Use Cases in Emerging Mission-Critical Applications&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 171 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Industrial Automation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 171 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ground Vehicles, Drones, and Robots&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 171 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tactile Interaction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 171 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 172 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Emergencies, Disasters, and Public Safety&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 176 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Urgent Healthcare&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 176 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Intelligent Transportation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 177 <br>6.3 URLLC Applications Based on Performance Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 178 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Higher Reliability and Lower Latency&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 179 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Higher Reliability, Higher Availability, and Lower Latency&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 180 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Very Low Latency&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 181 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Higher Accuracy Positioning&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 181 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Higher Availability&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 181 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mission-Critical Services&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 182 <br>6.4 Industry 4.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 182 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Factory Automation Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 183 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Application Areas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 185 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Use Cases&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 187 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Performance Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 189 <br>6.5 Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 191 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; UTM Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 192 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5G Performance Requirements for UTM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 194 <br>6.6 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 197 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 197 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 198 <br>6.7 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 199 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 199 <br> <div> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 199 </div> <div> <br> </div> PART III:&nbsp; 5G NEXTGEN CORE NETWORK<br>Chapter 7:&nbsp; Software-Defined Networking&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 202 <br>7.1 Evolving Network Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 203 <br>7.2 The SDN Approach&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 204 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Modern Network Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 204 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SDN Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 204 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Characteristics of Software-Defined Networking&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 207 <br>7.3 SDN Data Plane&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 207 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Data Plane Functions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 207 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Data Plane Protocols&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 209 <br>7.4 OpenFlow&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 209 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Flow Table Structure&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 211 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Flow Table Pipeline&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 214 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Use of Multiple Tables&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 216 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Group Table&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 217 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; OpenFlow Protocol&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 217 <br>7.5 SDN Control Plane&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 218 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Control Plane Functions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 218 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Southbound Interface&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 220 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Northbound Interface&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 220 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Eastbound Interface&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 223 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Westbound Interface&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 224 <br>7.6 SDN Application Plane&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 225 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Application Plane Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 225 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Northbound Interface&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 226 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Services Abstraction Layer&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 226 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Applications&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 226 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; User Interface&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 230 <br>7.7 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 230 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 230 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 231 <br>7.8 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 231 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 231 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 232 <br> Chapter 8:&nbsp; Network Functions Virtualization&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 234 <br>8.1 Background and Motivation for NFV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 235 <br>8.2 Virtual Machines and Containers&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 236 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hypervisor&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 236 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Architectural Approaches&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 238 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Container Virtualization&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 241 <br>8.3 NFV Concepts&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 242 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simple Example of the Use of NFV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 245 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NFV Principles&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 246 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; High-Level NFV Framework&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 246 <br>8.4 NFV Benefits and Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 248 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NFV Benefits&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 248 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NFV Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 249 <br>8.5 NFV Reference Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 250 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; NFV Management and Orchestration&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 251 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Reference Points&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 251 <br>8.6 NFV Infrastructure&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 252 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Container Interface&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 253 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deployment of NFVI Containers&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 256 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Logical Structure of NFVI Domains&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 257 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Compute Domain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 258 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hypervisor Domain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 260 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Infrastructure Network Domain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 261 <br>8.7 Virtualized Network Functions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 263 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VNF Interfaces&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 263 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VNFC-to-VNFC Communication&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 264 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VNF Scaling&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 266 <br>8.8 SDN and NFV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 267 <br>8.9 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 269 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 269 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 270 <br>8.10 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 271 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 271 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 271 <br> Chapter 9:&nbsp; Core Network Functionality, QoS, and Network Slicing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 272 <br>9.1 Core Network Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 273 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Operational Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 273 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Basic Network Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 275 <br>9.2 Core Network Functional Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 279 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tunneling&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 281 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PDU Session Establishment&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 283 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Policy Control Function&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 287 <br>9.3 Quality of Service&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 291 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QoS Capabilities&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 291 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QoS Architectural Framework&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 294 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QoS Classification, Marking, and Differentiation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 297 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3GPP QoS Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 298 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QoS Parameters&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 299 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QoS Characteristics&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 301 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Standardized 5QI-to-QoS Characteristic Mapping&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 303 <br>9.4 Network Slicing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 307 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Slicing Concepts&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 308 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Requirements for Network Slicing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 310 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Identifying and Selecting a Network Slice&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 312 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Functional Aspects of Network Slicing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 313 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Generic Slice Template&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 314 <br>9.5 SDN and NFV Support for 5G&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 315 <br>9.6 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 319 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 319 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 319 <br>9.7 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 320 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 320 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 320 <br> Chapter 10:&nbsp; Multi-Access Edge Computing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 322 <br>10.1 MEC and 5G&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 323 <br>10.2 MEC Architectural Concepts&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 324 <br>10.3 ETSI MEC Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 327 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Design Principles&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 328 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MEC System Reference Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 329 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Related Elements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 332 <br>10.4 MEC in NFV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 333 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MEC Components Implemented as VNFs&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 333 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MEC Components Replaced by NFV Components&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 335 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MEC System-Level Components&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 335 <br>10.5 MEC Support for Network Slicing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 335 <br>10.6 MEC Use Cases&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 336 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Consumer-Oriented Services&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 337 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Operator and Third-Party Services&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 342 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Network Performance and QoS Improvements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 344 <br>10.7 3GPP Architecture for Enabling Edge Applications&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 349 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EDGEAPP Functional Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 350 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Synergized Mobile Edge Cloud Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 352 <br>10.8 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 353 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 353 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 353 <br>10.9 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 354 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 354 <br> <div> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 355 </div> <div> <br> </div> PART IV:&nbsp; 5G NR AIR INTERFACE AND RADIO ACCESS NETWORK<br>Chapter 11:&nbsp; Wireless Transmission&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 356 <br>11.1 Channel Capacity&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 357 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nyquist Bandwidth&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 357 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shannon Capacity Formula&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 358 <br>11.2 Line-of-Sight Transmission&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 361 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Refraction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 362 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Optical and Radio Line of Sight&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 363 <br>11.3 Line-of-Sight Transmission Impairments&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 364 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Attenuation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 364 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Free Space Loss&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 365 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Path Loss Exponent in Practical Cellular Systems&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 368 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Noise&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 369 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Expression Eb/N0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 372 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Atmospheric Absorption&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 374 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multipath&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 375 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Refraction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 376 <br>11.4 Fading in the Mobile Environment&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 376 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multipath Propagation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 376 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Effects of Multipath Propagation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 377 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Types of Fading&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 378 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Fading Channel&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 379 <br>11.5 Millimeter Wave Transmission for 5G&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 381 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Propagation Impairments&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 381 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Implications for 5G&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 385 <br>11.6 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 387 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 387 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 388 <br>11.7 References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 389 <br>ANNEX 11A: Decibels and Signal Strength&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 389 <br> Chapter 12:&nbsp; Antennas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 394 <br>12.1 Channel Correction Mechanisms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 394 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adaptive Equalization&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 395 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Diversity Techniques&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 396 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adaptive Modulation and Coding&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 398 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Forward Error Correction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 398 <br>12.2 Introduction to Antennas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 399 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Radiation Patterns&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 399 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Antenna Types&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 401 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Antenna Gain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 406 <br>12.3 Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antennas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 407 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MIMO Principles&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 408 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multiple-User MIMO&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 410 <br>12.4 Advanced Cellular Antennas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 411 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Evolution of Cellular Antennas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 411 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Beamforming&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 412 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Active Antenna Systems&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 416 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Massive MIMO&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 417 <br>12.5 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 420 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 420 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 421 <br>12.6 References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 422 <br> Chapter 13:&nbsp; Air Interface Physical Layer&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 424 <br>13.1 Modulation Schemes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 424 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Modulation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 425 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Amplitude-Shift Keying&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 425 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Frequency-Shift Keying&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 426 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Phase-Shift Keying&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 426 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quadrature Amplitude Modulation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 433 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pi/2-BPSK&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 437 <br>13.2 OFDM, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 438 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 438 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; OFDM Implementation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 441 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Difficulties of OFDM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 444 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 445 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Single-Carrier FDMA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 446 <br>13.3 Waveforms and Numerologies&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 448 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Numerology&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 448 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CP-OFDM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 449 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DFT-S-OFDM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 450 <br>13.4 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 451 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 451 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 452 <br>13.5 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 453 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 453 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 453 <br>ANNEX 13A: Multiplexing and Multiple Access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 453 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multiplexing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 453 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multiple Access&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 455 <br> Chapter 14:&nbsp; Air Interface Channel Coding&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 456 <br>14.1 Transmission Errors&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 457 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Error Burst&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 457 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Data Transmission Channels&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 458 <br>14.2 Forward Error Correction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 460 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Block Error Correction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 460 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hamming Distance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 462 <br>14.3 Parity-Check Matrix Codes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 466 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Encoding&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 469 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Error Detection&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 470 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Error Correction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 470 <br>14.4 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 471 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Code Construction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 472 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Error Correction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 473 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Encoding&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 476 <br>14.5 Polar Coding&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 476 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Polar Encoder&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 477 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Synthetic Channels&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 479 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Decoding&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 483 <br>14.6 3GPP Channel Coding Specification&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 484 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check Codes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 485 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Polar Coding with CRC&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 486 <br>14.7 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 488 <br>14.8 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 490 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 490 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 490 <br>14.9 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 491 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 491 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 492 <br> Chapter 15:&nbsp; 5G Radio Access Network&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 494 <br>15.1 Overall RAN Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 494 <br>15.2 RAN–Core Functional Split&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 499 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RAN Functional Areas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 500 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Core Functional Areas&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 501 <br>15.3 RAN Channel Structure&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 502 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Logical Channel&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 503 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transport Channels&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 503 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Physical Channels&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 504 <br>15.4 RAN Protocol Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 505 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Air Interface Protocol Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 505 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Channel Structure&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 508 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RAN–Core Network Interface Protocol Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 509 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Xn Interface Protocol Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 511 <br>15.5 NG RAN Transport Network&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 512 <br>15.6 Integrated Access and Backhaul&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 517 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IAB Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 519 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parent/Child Relationship&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 520 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IAB Protocol Architecture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 520 <br>15.7 Key Terms and Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 523 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Key Terms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 523 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Review Questions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 524 <br>15.8 References and Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 525 <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; References&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 525 <br> <div> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Documents&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 525 </div> <div> <br> </div> PART V:&nbsp; APPENDIXES<br>Appendix A:&nbsp; Review Questions and Solutions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 528<br>Appendix B:&nbsp; Glossary&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 594<br>Appendix C:&nbsp; Acronyms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 604<br>Index&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 608 <br> <br> <br>

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