Research Handbook on Meaningful Human Control of Artificial Intelligence Systems

List of contributors vii
Acknowledgements x

1 Introduction to meaningful human control of artificially intelligent systems 1
Authors (listed in alphabetical order): David Abbink, Daniele Amoroso, Luciano Cavalcante Siebert, Jeroen van den Hoven, Giulio Mecacci and Filippo Santoni de Sio

PART I PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS
2 Automated mobility and meaningful human control: when and why is control important and what are its different dimensions? 13
Sven Nyholm
3 Reflection machines and the proximity scale of reasons: addressing accountability asymmetry 28
Pim Haselager and Giulio Mecacci
4 Out of control: flourishing with carebots through embodied design 38
Anco Peeters
5 Meaningful human command: advance control directives as a method to enable moral and legal responsibility for autonomous weapons systems 53
S. Kate Devitt

PART II LAW AND GOVERNANCE
6 Legal and governance perspectives on meaningful human control: the case of automated mobility 82
Giuseppe Contissa
7 From “human control” in international law to “human oversight” in the new EU act on artificial intelligence 105
Juliane Beck and Thomas Burri
8 Meaningful human control in shared medical decision making 133
Susanne Beck, Simon Gerndt, David Samhammer and Peter Dabrock
9 Meaningful human control: an international criminal law account 150
Marta Bo

PART III DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
10 Designing automated vehicle and traffic systems towards meaningful human control 165
Simeon Calvert, Stig Johnsen and Ashwin George
11 Reflective hybrid intelligence for meaningful human control in decision-support systems 191
Catholijn M. Jonker, Luciano Cavalcante Siebert and Pradeep K. Murukannaiah
12 Meaningful human control of increasingly autonomous robots for surgery 208
Fanny Ficuciello, Mohammad Hossein Hamedani and Guglielmo Tamburrini
13 Designing for meaningful human control in military human-machine teams 235
Jurriaan van Diggelen, Karel van den Bosch, Mark Neerincx and Marc Steen

PART IV INTERDISCIPLINARY AND SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVES
14 Too much control? Health, sex and war 257
Ezio Di Nucci
15 Worldbuilding a planet-positive future enabled by human + AI coevolution 267
Ann Pendleton-Jullian
16 Holistic bow-tie model of meaningful human control over effective systems: towards a dynamic balance of humans and AI-based systems within our global society and environment 313
Frank Flemisch, Marcel Baltzer, David Abbink, Luciano Cavalcante Siebert, Jurriaan van Diggelen, Nicolas Daniel Herzberger, Mark Draper, Michael Boardman, Marie-Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine, Joscha Wasser